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A431 cells were established from an epidermoid carcinoma in the skin of an 85- year-old female patient. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation of A431 cells induces rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins which control cellular processes such as growth, proliferation and apoptosis.
The oldest and most widely used expression systems are cell-based and may be defined as the "combination of an expression vector, its cloned DNA, and the host for the vector that provide a context to allow foreign gene function in a host cell, that is, produce proteins at a high level".
These downstream signaling proteins initiate several signal transduction cascades, principally the MAPK, Akt and JNK pathways, leading to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. [12] Such proteins modulate phenotypes such as cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Activation of the receptor is important for the innate immune response in ...
BRD4 is a member of the BET protein family, which includes other bromodomain-containing proteins and their homologues in other species. BRD4 is a protein which functions in both gene activation and repression in cell cycle control and DNA replication. BRD4 functions by binding to the acetylated tails and then attaching to other proteins ...
Proteins can also be used to move molecules in the cell to where they are needed, these are called motor proteins. [9] The shape of the cell is supported by proteins. Proteins such as actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments provide structure to the cell. [7] Another class of proteins are found in plasma membranes.
1281 12825 Ensembl ENSG00000168542 ENSMUSG00000026043 UniProt P02461 P08121 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000090 NM_001376916 NM_009930 RefSeq (protein) NP_000081 NP_034060 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 188.97 – 189.01 Mb Chr 1: 45.35 – 45.39 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Type III Collagen is a homotrimer, or a protein composed of three identical peptide chains (monomers), each ...
In molecular biology, a reporter gene (often simply reporter) is a gene that researchers attach to a regulatory sequence of another gene of interest in bacteria, cell culture, animals or plants. Such genes are called reporters because the characteristics they confer on organisms expressing them are easily identified and measured, or because ...
The ATP7A gene is located on the long (q) arm of the X chromosome at band Xq21.1. The encoded ATP7A protein has 1,500 amino acids. [6] At least 12 disease-causing mutations in this gene have been discovered. [7] Mutations/additions/deletions of this gene often cause copper deficiency, which leads to progressive neurodegeneration and death in ...