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Testosterone levels in males and females ; Total testosterone Stage Age range Male Female Values SI units Values SI units ; Infant: Premature (26–28 weeks) 59–125 ng/dL: 2.047–4.337 nmol/L
Testosterone levels play a major role in risk-taking during financial decisions. [93] [94] Higher testosterone levels in men reduce the risk of becoming or staying unemployed. [95] Research has also found that heightened levels of testosterone and cortisol are associated with an increased risk of impulsive and violent criminal behavior. [96]
Testosterone, total Refs Endocrine Society: United States: 100–200 pg/mL <50 ng/dL [1] World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) United States "[T]estosterone levels [...] below the upper limit of the normal female range and estradiol levels within a premenopausal female range but well below supraphysiologic levels."
Normal total testosterone levels depend on the man's age but generally range from 240 to 950 ng/dL (nanograms per deciliter) or 8.3–32.9 nmol/L (nanomoles per liter). [11] According to American Urological Association, the diagnosis of low testosterone can be supported when the total testosterone level is below 300 ng/dl. [12]
[6] 99% of the female athletes at those competitions had testosterone levels below 3.08 nmol/L. [6] However, a study of endocrine profiles in 693 elite female and male athletes published in 2014 found that only 13.7% of the elite female athletes had high levels of testosterone while as many as 16.5% of the elite male athletes had low levels of ...
This is because testosterone levels in men are about 100 to 1,000 times higher than estradiol levels in women (300 to 1,000 ng/dL vs. 50 to 150 pg/mL, respectively). [50] Non-scrotal testosterone patches were assessed and were found to be ineffective in raising testosterone levels in men. [50]
However, free testosterone is difficult and expensive to measure (it requires a time-consuming dialysis step), and many laboratories do not offer this service. The free androgen index is intended to give a guide to the free testosterone level, but it is not very accurate (especially in males — see endocrine society commentary below).
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a metabolite of testosterone, and a more potent androgen than testosterone in that it binds more strongly to androgen receptors. It is produced in the skin and reproductive tissue. A4 and testosterone can also have an extra hydroxyl (-OH) or keton (=O) group bound on position 11.