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Tail flick test apparatus. The tail flick test is a test of the pain response in animals, similar to the hot plate test. It is used in basic pain research and to measure the effectiveness of analgesics, by observing the reaction to heat. It was first described by D'Amour and Smith in 1941. [1]
Example of a traditional set-up for the tail flick assay. The tail flick assay or tail flick test uses a high-intensity beam of light aimed at a rodent's tail to detect nociception. [1] In normal rodents, the noxious heat sensation induced by the beam of light causes a prototypical movement of the tail via the flexor withdrawal reflex. [2]
The main strength of the tail suspension test is its predictive validity– performance on the test can be altered by drugs that improve depressive symptoms in people. Specifically, if antidepressant agents are administered before the test, the animal will struggle for a longer period of time than if not and exhibit more escape behaviors. [1]
The hot plate test is a test of the pain response in animals, similar to the tail flick test. Both hot plate and tail-flick methods are used generally for centrally acting analgesic, [1] while peripherally acting drugs are ineffective in these tests but sensitive to acetic acid-induced writhing test. [2] The hot plate test is used in basic pain ...
The house mouse is best identified by the sharp notch in its upper front teeth. Skull of Mus musculus - MHNT. House mice have an adult body length (nose to base of tail) of 7.5–10 centimetres (3–4 in) and a tail length of 5–10 cm (2–4 in).
Rodent mite dermatitis (also known as rat mite dermatitis) is an often unrecognized ectoparasitosis occurring after human contact with haematophagous mesostigmatid mites that infest rodents, such as house mice, [1] rats [2] and hamsters. [3]
In the hot plate test, the mouse is placed on a heated plate, typically between 54 and 58°C. An experimenter measures the time it takes for the animal to raise its feet or jump off of the hot plate. In the tail immersion test, the mouse is immobilized and its tail is placed into a warm water bath, typically also between 54 and 58°C.
Mice were first used systematically to determine a drug's central nervous system side effects by S. Irwin in 1962 and then again in 1968. [1] Its use in the pharmaceutical industry has become ingrained since then, as below. The National Academy of Sciences issued in 1975 a position paper on the "Principles for Evaluating Chemicals in the ...