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Cefoperazone/sulbactam is a combination drug used as an antibiotic. It is effective for the treatment of urinary tract infections . [ 2 ] It contains cefoperazone , a β-lactam antibiotic , and sulbactam , a β-lactamase inhibitor , which helps prevent bacteria from breaking down cefoperazone.
Cefoperazone contains an N-methylthiotetrazole (NMTT or 1-MTT) side chain.As the antibiotic is broken down in the body, it releases free NMTT, which can cause hypoprothrombinemia (likely due to inhibition of the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase) and a reaction with ethanol similar to that produced by disulfiram (Antabuse effect), due to inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Sulbactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor. This drug is given in combination with β-lactam antibiotics to inhibit β-lactamase, an enzyme produced by bacteria that destroys the antibiotics. [1] It was patented in 1977 and approved for medical use in 1986. [2]
Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently) - if contains methylthiotetrazole side group; Hypoprothrombinemia - if contains methylthiotetrazole side group; Allergic reactions; Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. Cefoxitin: Cefotetan: Cefotan: Cefamandole ...
Cefixime, sold under the brand name Suprax among others, is an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections. [5] These infections include otitis media, strep throat, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and Lyme disease. [5]
[15] [16] These include latamoxef , cefmenoxime, cefoperazone, cefamandole, cefmetazole, and cefotetan. This is thought to be due to the methylthiotetrazole side-chain of these cephalosporins, which blocks the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase (likely causing hypothrombinemia) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (causing alcohol intolerance). [17]
Adverse effects to monobactams can include skin rash and occasional abnormal liver functions. [ citation needed ] Monobactam antibiotics exhibit no IgE cross-reactivity reactions with penicillin but have shown some cross reactivity with cephalosporins , most notably ceftazidime , which contains an identical side chain as aztreonam. [ 9 ]
Therefore, potential risks of side effects and effectiveness depend on the type of antibiotic administered. [ 63 ] Antibiotics such as metronidazole , tinidazole , cephamandole , latamoxef , cefoperazone , cefmenoxime , and furazolidone , cause a disulfiram -like chemical reaction with alcohol by inhibiting its breakdown by acetaldehyde ...