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A small holding force exerted on one side can carry a much larger loading force on the other side; this is the principle by which a capstan-type device operates. A holding capstan is a ratchet device that can turn only in one direction; once a load is pulled into place in that direction, it can be held with a much smaller force.
Although spreadsheets like Excel, Open Office Calc, or Google Sheets don't provide a clamping function directly, the same effect can be achieved by using functions like MAX & MIN together, by MEDIAN, [8] [9] or with cell function macros. [10] When attempting to do a clamp where the input is an array, other methods must be used. [11]
Overloading occurs when operating forces of the application produce loads that exceed the clamp load, causing the joint to loosen over time or fail catastrophically. Over-torquing Under-torquing can cause failures by allowing a joint to come loose, and it may also allow the joint to flex and thus fail under fatigue.
The Marman clamp was first produced by Herbert Marx, better known by his stage name Zeppo Marx; [2] [7] it was manufactured by his company, Marman Products from the 1930s. [8] At the time it was designed to secure cargo during transport. The U.S. Military used Marman clamps to transport the atomic bombs used at the end of the Second World War. [9]
If more than one formula is applicable in the flow regime under consideration, the choice of formula may be influenced by one or more of the following: Required accuracy; Speed of computation required; Available computational technology: calculator (minimize keystrokes) spreadsheet (single-cell formula) programming/scripting language (subroutine).
For the thin-walled assumption to be valid, the vessel must have a wall thickness of no more than about one-tenth (often cited as Diameter / t > 20) of its radius. [4] This allows for treating the wall as a surface, and subsequently using the Young–Laplace equation for estimating the hoop stress created by an internal pressure on a thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel:
Drawbar force gauges are able to detect broken or weakening components of the drawbar clamping system, can give indications that the unit needs lubrication, detect gripper mis-adjustment, or demonstrate that the incorrect retention knob is being used for the machine. A retention knob is a device screwed into the narrow end of a tool holder ...
If a moving fluid meets an object, it exerts a force on the object. Suppose that the fluid is a liquid, and the variables involved – under some conditions – are the: speed u, fluid density ρ, kinematic viscosity ν of the fluid, size of the body, expressed in terms of its wetted area A, and; drag force F d.