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Gun laying is the process of aiming an artillery piece or turret, such as a gun, howitzer, or mortar, on land, at sea, or in air, against surface or aerial targets. It may be laying for either direct fire , where the gun is aimed directly at a target within the line-of-sight of the user, or by indirect fire , where the gun is not aimed directly ...
Radar, Gun Laying, Mark III, or GL Mk.III for short, was a radar system used by the British Army to directly guide, or lay, anti-aircraft artillery (AA). The GL Mk. III was not a single radar, but a family of related designs that saw constant improvement during and after World War II.
The first mention of radar in the UK was a 1930 suggestion made by W. A. S. Butement and P. E. Pollard of the Army War Office's Signals Experimental Establishment (SEE). [1] [2] They proposed building a radar system for detecting ships to be used with shore batteries, and went so far as to build a low-power breadboard prototype using pulses at 50 cm wavelength (600 MHz).
One of the first successful fire-control radars, the SCR-584, was used effectively and extensively by the Allies during World War II for anti-aircraft gun laying. Since World War II, the U.S. Army has used radar for directing anti-aircraft missiles including the MIM-23 Hawk , the Nike series and currently the MIM-104 Patriot .
The Automatic Gun-Laying Turret (AGLT), also known as the Frazer-Nash FN121, was a radar-directed, rear gun turret fitted to some British bombers from 1944. AGLT incorporated both a low-power tail warning radar and fire-control system , which could detect approaching enemy fighters , aim and automatically trigger machine guns – in total ...
The earliest form of aiming point was a pair of aiming posts for each gun, almost in line with one another when viewed through the gun's sight, and placed about 50 m (160 ft) from the gun. There were at least two ways of using these, but the simplest is to aim the sight midway between them.
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The first battle in which the fireplan consisted entirely of predicted fire was the Battle of Cambrai in 1917, in which the British guns were moved into surveyed positions at the last moment, achieving tactical surprise when they commenced firing. [1] Predicted fire requires precise surveying of the gun position and accurate maps.