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Phosgene is also used to produce monoisocyanates, used as pesticide precursors (e.g. methyl isocyanate (MIC). Aside from the widely used reactions described above, phosgene is also used to produce acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids: R−C(=O)−OH + COCl 2 → R−C(=O)−Cl + HCl + CO 2
A soil ball with indigenous worms in soil amended a few weeks previously with bokashi fermented matter. Bokashi is a process that converts food waste and similar organic matter into a soil amendment which adds nutrients and improves soil texture. It differs from traditional composting methods in several respects. The most important are:
Nickel carbonyl (IUPAC name: tetracarbonylnickel) is a nickel(0) organometallic compound with the formula Ni(CO) 4.This colorless liquid is the principal carbonyl of nickel.It is an intermediate in the Mond process for producing very high-purity nickel and a reagent in organometallic chemistry, although the Mond Process has fallen out of common usage due to the health hazards in working with ...
Using the new method, one tonne of lunar soil will be able to produce about 51-76 kg of water, equivalent to more than a hundred 500ml bottles of water, or the daily drinking water consumption of ...
In geotechnical engineering, a soil test can be used to determine the physical characteristics of a soil, such as its water content, void ratio or bulk density. Soil testing can also provide information related to the shear strength, rate of consolidation and permeability of the soil. The following is a non-exhaustive list of engineering soil ...
Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil.Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental factors. In the early 1870s a consulting chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society in England, named J. Thomas Way, performed many experiments on how soils exchange ions, and is considered the father of soil chemistry. [1]
In even a slight presence of water, carbonic acid dehydrates to carbon dioxide and water, which then catalyzes further decomposition. [6] For this reason, carbon dioxide can be considered the carbonic acid anhydride. The hydration equilibrium constant at 25 °C is [H 2 CO 3]/[CO 2] ≈ 1.7×10 −3 in pure water [12] and ≈ 1.2×10 −3 in ...
This method is used to produce propionic acid from ethylene using nickel carbonyl as the catalyst: [2] The above reaction is also referred to as hydroxycarbonylation , in which case hydrocarboxylation refers to the same net converstion but using carbon dioxide in place of CO and H 2 in place of water: [ 8 ]