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As well as cutting costs and improving the quality of data, the FCA said the reforms would "increase transparency and access to trading data". The consolidated tape system is to be set up initially for the UK's bonds market followed by equities. A competitive tender process is to be opened up that would see a single firm providing the CT for bonds.
The CTA SIP handles Tape A and B securities and provides two feeds: the Consolidated Quotation System (CQS) for quotes and, the NBBO, and the Consolidated Tape System (CTS) for trades. The UTP SIP handles Tape C securities and provides two feeds, the UQDF for quotes and the NBBO and the UTDF for trades. [citation needed]
Since the late 1970s, all SEC-registered exchanges and market centers that trade NYSE or AMEX-listed securities send their trades and quotes to a central consolidator where the Consolidated Tape System (CTS) and Consolidated Quotation System (CQS) data streams are produced and distributed worldwide. The CTA is the operating authority for CQS ...
EuroCTP (European Consolidated Tape Provider) B.V. [3] is a joint venture of 14 bourses, [4] [5] intending to tender for the provision of a consolidated tape (CT) for financial trading in the European Union (EU). The selection process, arranged by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), is scheduled to be finalised in 2025. [6]
Information on each securities trade is sent to a central network at the Securities Industry Automation Corporation (SIAC) where it is then distributed, consolidated with other trades on the same "tape". There are three major tapes in the United States: Tape A and Tape B (which together are called the "Consolidated Tape"), and Tape C.
An Approved Publication Arrangement (APA) is an entity authorized under the MiFID II directive to publish trade reports on behalf of investment firms, fulfilling requirements outlined in Article (4)(1)(52).
Dark pools are recorded to the national consolidated tape. However, they are recorded as over-the-counter transactions. Therefore, detailed information about the volumes and types of transactions is left to the crossing network to report to clients only if they desire or are contractually obliged to do so. [14]
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. [1] [2] Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and motives. Psychology is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social ...