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The history of Hawaii began with the discovery and settlement of the Hawaiian Islands by Polynesian people between 940 and 1200 AD. [1] [2]The first recorded and sustained contact with Europeans occurred by chance when British explorer James Cook sighted the islands in January 1778 during his third voyage of exploration.
This first European contact with the Hawaiian islands marked the beginning of the end of the Ancient Hawaiʻi period. After Cook's visit and the publication of several books relating his voyages, the Hawaiian Islands attracted European and American explorers, traders, and whalers, who found the islands to be a convenient harbor and source of ...
Some of the survivors then sailed it back to mainland Hawaii. [19] Once they reached Hawaii, they sent a ship back to rescue those who had stayed behind on the island. [17] The shipwreck of the Gledstanes was found in 2008. [19] The Parker's crew had a somewhat more difficult time but did manage to get to land by floating on a raft for several ...
His first name Mataio, which he adopted later in life, is the Hawaiian form of Matthew. [3] Kekūanaōʻa translates as "the standing projection" in the Hawaiian language and refers to the masts of Western ships seen in the harbor at his birth. [4] Kekūanaōʻa was born sometime around the year 1791. [5] [6] His mother is believed to be Inaina.
The atoll is named for the ships Pearl and Hermes, which were wrecked upon it in 1822. [10]The Hawaiian-language name for the atoll, Holoikauaua, was established in the late 1990s by the Hawaiian Lexicon Committee following an effort to restore traditional Hawaiian names which had been lost, misspelled, or replaced with foreign names. [11]
HHMS Kaimiloa was the first and only modern warship of the Hawaiian Royal Navy.The ship was formerly the Explorer, a 170-ton schooner, built in England in 1871. Kaimiloa sailed from Hawaii to Samoa and other Pacific islands in 1887 in an effort by King Kalākaua to form a confederation of Polynesian states to counteract European imperialism.
In the late 18th century, Hawaii underwent a series of wars in which Maui changed hands multiple times, and which culminated with the unification of the Hawaiian islands. Sometime around the time of Captain Cook's first visit, King Kalaniʻōpuʻu of Hawaii briefly conquered Maui's Hana District from King Kahekili II, but was pushed out around ...
The Hawaiian islands were formed by volcanic activity initiated at an undersea magma source called the Hawaiʻi hotspot. The process is continuing to build islands; the tectonic plate beneath much of the Pacific Ocean continually moves northwest and the hotspot remains stationary, slowly creating new volcanoes.