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  2. K-epsilon turbulence model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-epsilon_turbulence_model

    K-epsilon (k-ε) turbulence model is one of the most common models used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate mean flow characteristics for turbulent flow conditions. It is a two equation model that gives a general description of turbulence by means of two transport equations ( partial differential equations , PDEs).

  3. Multiphase particle-in-cell method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiphase_particle-in...

    Liquid Injection - MP-PIC method was extended by Zhao, O'Rourke, and Snider to model the coating of particle with a liquid. [8] Thermal Modeling - Conductive and convective heat transfer can be included by coupling MP-PIC variables with equations for heat transfer. Commercial implementations of MP-PIC method include radiative heat transfer as ...

  4. Discrete element method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_Element_Method

    The various branches of the DEM family are the distinct element method proposed by Peter A. Cundall and Otto D. L. Strack in 1979, [5] the generalized discrete element method, [6] the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and the finite-discrete element method concurrently developed by several groups (e.g., Munjiza and Owen).

  5. CFD-DEM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFD-DEM

    The CFD-DEM model, or Computational Fluid Dynamics / Discrete Element Method model, ...

  6. Large eddy simulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_eddy_simulation

    Large eddy simulation of a turbulent gas velocity field.. Large eddy simulation (LES) is a mathematical model for turbulence used in computational fluid dynamics.It was initially proposed in 1963 by Joseph Smagorinsky to simulate atmospheric air currents, [1] and first explored by Deardorff (1970). [2]

  7. Today’s NYT ‘Strands’ Hints, Spangram and Answers for Tuesday ...

    www.aol.com/today-nyt-strands-hints-spangram...

    According to the New York Times, here's exactly how to play Strands: Find theme words to fill the board. Theme words stay highlighted in blue when found.

  8. Upwind scheme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwind_scheme

    This equation is also a mathematical model for one-dimensional linear advection. Consider a typical grid point i {\displaystyle i} in the domain. In a one-dimensional domain, there are only two directions associated with point i {\displaystyle i} – left (towards negative infinity) and right (towards positive infinity).

  9. Detached eddy simulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detached_eddy_simulation

    Detached eddy simulation (DES) is a modification of a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) model in which the model switches to a subgrid scale formulation in regions fine enough for large eddy simulation (LES) calculations.