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By utilizing multiple small improvements in pump-design technology such as a double pump in parallel system and variable controls, these pumps are able to run at about a 50% to 70% increased efficiency with up to an 80% decrease in electricity consumption over the previous standard design. [3]
Parallel running is a strategy for system changeover where a new system slowly assumes the roles of the older system while both systems operate simultaneously. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This conversion takes place as the technology of the old system is outdated so a new system is needed to be installed to replace the old one. [ 3 ]
A pump as turbine (PAT), also known as a pump in reverse, is an unconventional type of reaction water turbine, which behaves in a similar manner to that of a Francis turbine. The function of a PAT is comparable to that of any turbine , to convert kinetic and pressure energy of the fluid into mechanical energy of the runner.
Hydraulic hybrid vehicle systems consists of four main components: the working fluid, reservoir, pump/motor (in parallel hybrid system) or in-wheel motors and pumps (in series hybrid system), and accumulator. In some systems, a hydraulic transformer is also installed for converting output flow at any pressure with a very low power loss. [3]
Hydraulic ram, System Lambach now at Roscheider Hof Open Air Museum The first US patent was issued to Joseph Cerneau (or Curneau) and Stephen (Étienne) S. Hallet (1755-1825) in 1809. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] US interest in hydraulic rams picked up around 1840, as further patents were issued and domestic companies started offering rams for sale.
Circulating water systems are normally of the wet pit type, but for sea water circulation, both the wet pit type and the concrete volute type are employed. [1] In some industries, one or two stand-by pumps are also connected parallel to CW pumps.
The dry-sump system requires at least two pumps - one pressure and one scavenge - and sometimes as many as four or five scavenge pumps are used to minimize the amount of oil in the engine. The pressure pump and scavenge pumps are frequently mounted on a common crankshaft, so that a single pulley at the front of the system can run as many pumps ...
Parallel adoption the most expensive adoption method (Chng, Vathanopas, 2002, Microsoft, 2004, Anderson et al., 2003), because it demands from the organization that two systems run parallel for a certain period. Running two systems simultaneously means that an investment in Human Resources has to be made. Besides a good preparation of the ...