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N01 and N02 are the detected x-ray counts taken from the internal phantom. tb, ts and tf are the thickness of bone (b), lean soft tissue (s) and adipose tissue (f), respectively. T is the total thickness at the measuring point. νb1, νs1 and νf1 are the x-ray attenuation coefficients for each component at the low x-ray energy level.
Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) is a non-ionizing technology for osteoporosis diagnosis and for fracture risk assessment. REMS processes the raw, unfiltered ultrasound signals acquired during an echographic scan of the axial sites, femur and spine. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain.
Senile osteoporosis has been recently recognized as a geriatric syndrome with a particular pathophysiology. There are different classification of osteoporosis: primary, in which bone loss is a result of aging and secondary, in which bone loss occurs from various clinical and lifestyle factors. [1]
A scanner used to measure bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although clinically it is measured by proxy according to optical density per square centimetre of bone surface upon imaging. [1]
The US National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends pharmacologic treatment for patients with hip or spine fracture thought to be related to osteoporosis, those with BMD 2.5 SD or more below the young normal mean (T-score -2.5 or below), and those with BMD between 1 and 2.5 SD below normal mean whose 10-year risk, using FRAX, for hip fracture is ...
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is the most widely used and most thoroughly studied bone density measurement technology. The DXA scan is typically used to diagnose and follow osteoporosis , as contrasted to the nuclear bone scan , which is sensitive to certain metabolic diseases of bones in which bones are trying to heal from infections ...
Superficial radiation therapy machines produce low energy x-rays in the same energy range as diagnostic x-ray machines, 20–150 keV, to treat skin conditions. [3] Orthovoltage X-ray machines produce higher energy x-rays in the range 200–500 keV. Radiation from orthovoltage x-ray machines has been called "deep" due to its greater penetrating ...
Megavolt X-ray (or photon) therapy, which delivered a beam of 25 MeV X-ray photons. The X-ray photons are produced by colliding a high current, narrow beam of electrons with a tungsten target. The X-rays are then passed through a flattening filter, and then measured using an X-ray ion chamber. The flattening filter resembles an inverted ice ...