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Guatemala was among the Central American countries of the period known as a banana republic. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] From 1890 to 1920, control of Guatemala's resources and its economy shifted away from Britain and Germany to the U.S., which became Guatemala's dominant trade partner. [ 8 ]
Historian Mark Gilderhus opines that the doctrine also contained racially condescending language, which likened Latin American countries to fighting children. [23] Before 1944, the US government had not needed to engage in military interventions in Guatemala to enforce this hegemony, given the presence of military rulers friendly to the US. [21]
In 1912, during the Banana Wars period, the U.S. occupied Nicaragua as a means of protecting American business interests and protecting the rights that Nicaragua granted to the United States to construct a canal there. [57] At the same time, the United States and Mexican governments competed for political influence in Central America.
The Banana Wars were a series of conflicts that consisted of military occupation, police action, and intervention by the United States in Central America and the Caribbean between the end of the Spanish–American War in 1898 and the inception of the Good Neighbor Policy in 1934. [1]
Since the 19th century, the United States government has participated and interfered, both overtly and covertly, in the replacement of many foreign governments. In the latter half of the 19th century, the U.S. government initiated actions for regime change mainly in Latin America and the southwest Pacific, including the Spanish–American and Philippine–American wars.
The 1823 Monroe Doctrine, opposed additional European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere.It held that any intervention in the political affairs of the Americas by foreign powers was a potentially hostile act against the U.S. [2] It also began Washington's policy of isolationism, stating it was necessary for the United States to refrain from entering into European affairs.
The rise of communism in Guatemala was not connected to U.S.S.R. due to statements from Nikolai Leonov the former KGB intelligence officer in charge of Central American intelligence [2] as well as push back by the Soviet union and Guatemalan ambassadors in the UN in reaction to U.S. accusations of Soviet Intervention within The Guatemalan government [3]
Guatemala is bordered by the North Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Honduras (also known as the Caribbean Sea). It shares land borders with Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras and Belize. Due to Guatemala's proximity to the United States, fear of the Soviet Union creating a beachhead in Guatemala created panic in the United States government during the ...