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Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB. The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid , rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), pyrazinamide , and ethambutol for the first two months.
Tuberculosis phototherapy treatment in Kuopio, Finland, 1934. Treatment of TB uses antibiotics to kill the bacteria. Effective TB treatment is difficult, due to the unusual structure and chemical composition of the mycobacterial cell wall, which hinders the entry of drugs and makes many antibiotics ineffective. [137]
Isoniazid, also known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis. [4] For active tuberculosis, it is often used together with rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and either streptomycin or ethambutol. [5] For latent tuberculosis, it is often used alone. [4]
Ethambutol (EMB, E) is a medication primarily used to treat tuberculosis. [4] It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis medications, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. [5] It may also be used to treat Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium kansasii. [4] It is taken by mouth. [4]
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis (TB) infection caused by bacteria that are resistant to treatment with at least two of the most powerful first-line anti-TB medications (drugs): isoniazid and rifampicin.
Tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are vaccinations intended for the prevention of tuberculosis. Immunotherapy as a defence against TB was first proposed in 1890 by Robert Koch . [ 1 ] As of 2021, the only effective tuberculosis vaccine in common use is the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, first used on humans in 1921.
Pyrazinamide is a medication used to treat tuberculosis. [2] For active tuberculosis, it is often used with rifampicin, isoniazid, and either streptomycin or ethambutol. [3] It is not generally recommended for the treatment of latent tuberculosis. [2] It is taken by mouth. [1]
Ethionamide is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis. [2] Specifically it is used, along with other antituberculosis medications, to treat active multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. [2] It is no longer recommended for leprosy. [3] [2] It is taken by mouth. [2] Ethionamide has a high rate of side effects. [4]