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The intercept theorem, also known as Thales's theorem, basic proportionality theorem or side splitter theorem, is an important theorem in elementary geometry about the ratios of various line segments that are created if two rays with a common starting point are intercepted by a pair of parallels.
The proofs of the Kronecker–Weber theorem by Kronecker (1853) and Weber (1886) both had gaps. The first complete proof was given by Hilbert in 1896. In 1879, Alfred Kempe published a purported proof of the four color theorem, whose validity as a proof was accepted for eleven years before it was refuted by Percy Heawood.
Darboux's theorem (real analysis) Denjoy–Carleman theorem (functional analysis) Denjoy-Young-Saks theorem (real analysis) Dini's theorem ; Divergence theorem (vector calculus) Fermat's theorem (stationary points) (real analysis) Fraňková–Helly selection theorem (mathematical analysis) Froda's theorem (mathematical analysis) Fubini's ...
Gödel's second incompleteness theorem; Goodstein's theorem; Green's theorem (to do) Green's theorem when D is a simple region; Heine–Borel theorem; Intermediate value theorem; Itô's lemma; Kőnig's lemma; Kőnig's theorem (set theory) Kőnig's theorem (graph theory) Lagrange's theorem (group theory) Lagrange's theorem (number theory ...
When modelling relations between two different classes of objects, bipartite graphs very often arise naturally. For instance, a graph of football players and clubs, with an edge between a player and a club if the player has played for that club, is a natural example of an affiliation network, a type of bipartite graph used in social network analysis.
Another geometric proof proceeds as follows: We start with the figure shown in the first diagram below, a large square with a smaller square removed from it. The side of the entire square is a, and the side of the small removed square is b. The area of the shaded region is . A cut is made, splitting the region into two rectangular pieces, as ...
In Euclidean geometry, a splitter is a line segment through one of the vertices of a triangle (that is, a cevian) that bisects the perimeter of the triangle. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They are not to be confused with cleavers , which also bisect the perimeter but instead emanate from the midpoint of one of the triangle's sides.
The proof was later simplified by Jost Eschenburg and Ernst Heintze. In 1936, Stefan Cohn-Vossen had originally formulated and proved the theorem in the case of two-dimensional manifolds, and Victor Toponogov had extended Cohn-Vossen's work to higher dimensions, under the special condition of nonnegative sectional curvature. [2]