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1α-Hydroxyvitamin D 5 is a chemical derivative of vitamin D 5.The motive to study 1α-hydroxyvitamin D 5 as a potential pharmaceutical drug stemmed from the tendency of calcitriol, a natural metabolite produced in the kidney, to cause toxic hypercalcemia in patients when dosed at concentrations needed to interrupt prostate cancer cells' cycle and stimulate apoptosis.
They considered that average requirements and population reference intake values for vitamin D cannot be derived and that a serum 25(OH)D concentration of 50 nmol/L was a suitable target value. For all people over the age of 1, including women who are pregnant or lactating, they set an adequate intake of 15 μg/day (600 IU).
The liver is required to transform vitamin D into 25-hydroxyvitamin D. This is an inactive metabolite of vitamin D but is a necessary precursor (building block) to create the active form of vitamin D. [1] The kidneys are responsible for converting 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D. This is the active form of vitamin D in the body.
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...
Calcifediol, also known as calcidiol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (abbreviated 25(OH)D 3), [1] is a form of vitamin D produced in the liver by hydroxylation of vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) by the enzyme vitamin D 25-hydroxylase.
Calcitriol is a hormone and the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. [8] [9] [10] It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.It binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. [11]
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase (VD 1A hydroxylase) also known as calcidiol 1-monooxygenase [5] or cytochrome p450 27B1 (CYP27B1) or simply 1-alpha-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP27B1 gene. [6] [7] [8]
Normal doses are safe in pregnancy. [7] It works by increasing the amount of calcium absorbed by the intestines and reabsorbed by the kidneys. [6] Food in which it is found include some mushrooms. [8] Ergocalciferol was first described in 1936. [9] Ergocalciferol is available as a generic medication and over the counter. [6]