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  2. Gravitational redshift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_redshift

    In astronomical objects with strong gravitational fields the redshift can be much greater; for example, light from the surface of a white dwarf is gravitationally redshifted on average by around (50 km/s)/c (around 170 ppm). [12] Observing the gravitational redshift in the Solar System is one of the classical tests of general relativity. [13]

  3. Gravitational lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_lens

    In general relativity, light follows the curvature of spacetime, hence when light passes around a massive object, it is bent. This means that the light from an object on the other side will be bent towards an observer's eye, just like an ordinary lens. In general relativity the path of light depends on the shape of space (i.e. the metric).

  4. Crookes radiometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crookes_radiometer

    If light pressure were the cause of the rotation, then the better the vacuum in the bulb, the less air resistance to movement, and the faster the vanes should spin. In 1901, with a better vacuum pump, Pyotr Lebedev showed that in fact, the radiometer only works when there is low-pressure gas in the bulb, and the vanes stay motionless in a hard ...

  5. Speed of gravity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_gravity

    The speed of gravitational waves in the general theory of relativity is equal to the speed of light in vacuum, c. [3] Within the theory of special relativity, the constant c is not only about light; instead it is the highest possible speed for any interaction in nature.

  6. Gravitoelectromagnetism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitoelectromagnetism

    Diagram regarding the confirmation of gravitomagnetism by Gravity Probe B. Gravitoelectromagnetism, abbreviated GEM, refers to a set of formal analogies between the equations for electromagnetism and relativistic gravitation; specifically: between Maxwell's field equations and an approximation, valid under certain conditions, to the Einstein field equations for general relativity.

  7. Gravitational singularity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_singularity

    For example, any observer inside the event horizon of a non-rotating black hole would fall into its center within a finite period of time. The classical version of the Big Bang cosmological model of the universe contains a causal singularity at the start of time ( t =0), where all time-like geodesics have no extensions into the past.

  8. Galileo thermometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_thermometer

    The metal tags on each bulb are stamped with a temperature. If a bulb is in the centre of the column, that gives a close approximation of the environment temperature outside the tube. If there are some at the top and some at the base but none in between the average of the lowest bulb at the top and the highest at the base provides that figure.

  9. Temperature gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_gradient

    A temperature gradient is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the temperature changes the most rapidly around a particular location. The temperature spatial gradient is a vector quantity with dimension of temperature difference per unit length. The SI unit is kelvin per meter (K/m).