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Dyalog APL was first released by British company Dyalog Ltd. [107] in 1983 [108] and, as of 2018, is available for AIX, Linux (including on the Raspberry Pi), macOS and Microsoft Windows platforms. It is based on APL2, with extensions to support object-oriented programming, [109] functional programming, [110] and tacit programming. [111]
The programming language APL uses a number of symbols, rather than words from natural language, to identify operations, similarly to mathematical symbols.Prior to the wide adoption of Unicode, a number of special-purpose EBCDIC and non-EBCDIC code pages were used to represent the symbols required for writing APL.
Before Unicode, APL interpreters were supplied with fonts in which APL characters were mapped to less commonly used positions in the ASCII character sets, usually in the upper 128 code points. These mappings (and their national variations) were sometimes unique to each APL vendor's interpreter, which made the display of APL programs on the Web ...
In 1996, John Scholes of Dyalog Limited invented direct functions (dfns). [1] [6] [7] The ideas originated in 1989 when he read a special issue of The Computer Journal on functional programming. [33] He then proceeded to study functional programming and became strongly motivated ("sick with desire", like Yeats) to bring these ideas to APL.
When APL\360 was first introduced in 1968, there were no built-in means by which a user could directly access data from outside of the APL system. Thus, starting in 1969, IBM developed the shared variable facility. [2] Following APL.SV, the IBM VS APL and APL2 program products also supported shared variables, as did the IBM 5100 line of computers.
Scientific Time Sharing Corporation's former headquarters in Washington, D.C.. Scientific Time Sharing Corporation (STSC) was formed in 1969 in Bethesda, Maryland by Dan Dyer, Burton C. Gray, and some of the people who originally implemented the programming language APL, notably Philip S. Abrams, Lawrence M. Breed, and Allen Rose. [3]
In the early 1990s, Ken Iverson and Hui began collaborating on an advanced continuation of an APL-like language which they named J.The improvements were intended to fix some of the persistent character set issues that had plagued APL since its inception, and to add new advanced features such as support for parallel multiple instruction, multiple data (MIMD) operations.
The APL Character Set for Workspace Interchange, registered for use with ISO/IEC 2022 as ISO-IR-68, [1] is a character set developed by the APL Working Group of the Canadian Standards Association. [2]