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Potential graphene applications include lightweight, thin, and flexible electric/photonics circuits, solar cells, and various medical, chemical and industrial processes enhanced or enabled by the use of new graphene materials, and favoured by massive cost decreases in graphene production. [1] [2] [3]
SM-102 is a synthetic amino lipid which is used in combination with other lipids to form lipid nanoparticles. [1] These are used for the delivery of mRNA-based vaccines, [2] [3] [4] and in particular SM-102 forms part of the drug delivery system for the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.
Vaccine Excipients Adenovirus vaccine: This list refers to the type 4 and type 7 adenovirus vaccine tablets licensed in the US: Acetone, alcohol, anhydrous lactose, castor oil, cellulose acetate phthalate, dextrose, D-fructose, D-mannose, FD&C Yellow #6 aluminium lake dye, fetal bovine serum, human serum albumin, magnesium stearate, micro crystalline cellulose, plasdone C, Polacrilin potassium ...
Graphene oxide flakes in polymers display enhanced photo-conducting properties. [10] Graphene is normally hydrophobic and impermeable to all gases and liquids (vacuum-tight). However, when formed into graphene oxide-based capillary membrane, both liquid water and water vapor flow through as quickly as if the membrane was not present. [11]
In addition, it is known that when single-layer graphene is supported on an amorphous material, the thermal conductivity is reduced to about 500 – 600 W⋅m −1 ⋅K −1 at room temperature as a result of scattering of graphene lattice waves by the substrate, [172] [173] and can be even lower for few-layer graphene encased in amorphous ...
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. [1] [2] ...
A conjugate vaccine is a type of subunit vaccine which combines a weak antigen with a strong antigen as a carrier so that the immune system has a stronger response to the weak antigen. Vaccines are used to prevent diseases by invoking an immune response to an antigen, part of a bacterium or virus that the immune system recognizes. [ 2 ]
Many modern vaccines are made of only the parts of the pathogen necessary to invoke an immune response (a subunit vaccine) – for example just the surface proteins of the virus, or only the polysaccharide coating of a bacterium. Some vaccines invoke an immune response against the toxin produced by bacteria, rather than the bacteria itself.