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Jung first coined the term "archetypes" in his 1919 essay "Instinct and the Unconscious". [16] The word is derived from Greek, with the first element, "arche," meaning "beginning, origin, cause, primal source principle," as well as "position of a leader, supreme rule, and government."
In psychology, personality type refers to the psychological classification of individuals. In contrast to personality traits , the existence of personality types remains extremely controversial. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Types are sometimes said to involve qualitative differences between people, whereas traits might be construed as quantitative differences ...
A chart with descriptions of each Myers–Briggs personality type and the four dichotomies central to the theory. The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a self-report questionnaire that makes pseudoscientific claims [6] to categorize individuals into 16 distinct "psychological types" or "personality types".
Two Essays on Analytical Psychology is volume 7 of The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, presenting the core of Carl Jung's views about psychology.Known as one of the best introductions to Jung's work, the volumes includes the essays "The Relations between the Ego and the Unconscious" (1928; 2nd edn., 1935) and "On the Psychology of the Unconscious" (1943).
Freud's second essay is titled "Infantile Sexuality." In this essay, he insists that children have sexual urges. The psychosexual stages are the steps a child must take in order to continue having sexual urges once adulthood is reached. The third essay Freud wrote describes "The Transformation of Puberty." In this essay, he examines how ...
Reich argues that character structures were organizations of resistance with which individuals avoided facing their neuroses: different character structures — whether schizoid, oral, psychopathic, masochistic, hysterical, compulsive, narcissistic, or rigid — were sustained biologically as body types by unconscious muscular contraction.
Psychoanalytic metapsychology is concerned with the fundamental structure and concepts of Freudian theory. [2] Sigmund Freud first used the term on 13 February 1896 in a letter to Wilhelm Fliess, [11] to refer to his addition of unconscious processes to the conscious ones of traditional psychology.
The most recent edition of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), released in 1993, is the fifth edition (16PF5e) of the original instrument. [25] [26] The self-report instrument was first published in 1949; the second and third editions were published in 1956 and 1962, respectively; and the five alternative forms of the fourth edition were released between 1967 and 1969.