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Hippocampal neurogenesis. In the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, NSCs differentiate into granule cells. These new granule cells are implicated in memory formation and learning. [3] The number of granule cells generated in the dentate gyrus each month is approximately 6% of the total population of dentate gyrus neurons. [3]
Furthermore, people with these gene have been found to have decreased hippocampal volume, which is a common structural change associated with depression. This genes results in decreased activity-dependent secretion of BDNF. In humans, BDNF increase has been reported for the following classes of antidepressants: [6]
The participants of the study included a population of women who had or had not experienced childhood sexual abuse, a certain subset among which developed PTSD. PET and MRI analysis indicated a 16% lower mean hippocampal volume among abused women who developed PTSD and a 19% lower mean hippocampal volume than all other populations in the ...
As for how exercise helps the brain, researchers hypothesize that it increases hippocampal volume, meaning it makes the part of your brain that deals with memory, learning, and decision making bigger.
Hippocampal Neurogenesis Reduced hippocampal neurogenesis leads to a reduction in hippocampal volume. A genetically smaller hippocampus has been linked to a reduced ability to process psychological trauma and external stress, and subsequent predisposition to psychological illness. [ 126 ]
The hippocampus (pl.: hippocampi; via Latin from Greek ἱππόκαμπος, 'seahorse'), also hippocampus proper, is a major component of the brain of humans and many other vertebrates. In the human brain the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus, and the subiculum are the components of the hippocampal formation located in the limbic system.
One study by Gilbertson et al. (2002), suggests that perhaps decrease hippocampal volume may be a pre-existing factor that may predispose people for the development of PTSD. [11] There are conflicting interpretation in understanding if decreased hippocampal volumes are a consequence or a pre-existing vulnerability associated with PTSD.
This allows researchers to quantify anatomical features of the brain in terms of shape, mass, volume (e.g. of the hippocampus, or of the primary versus secondary visual cortex), and to derive more specific information, such as the encephalization quotient, grey matter density and white matter connectivity, gyrification, cortical thickness, or ...