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Non-mast cell histamine is found in several tissues, including the hypothalamus region of the brain, where it functions as a neurotransmitter. Another important site of histamine storage and release is the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell of the stomach .
Histamine is a ubiquitous messenger molecule released from mast cells, enterochromaffin-like cells, and neurons. [5] Its various actions are mediated by histamine receptors H 1, H 2, H 3 and H 4. The histamine receptor H 2 belongs to the rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors.
Histamine H 1 receptors are activated by endogenous histamine, which is released by neurons that have their cell bodies in the tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus. The histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus become active during the 'wake' cycle, firing at approximately 2 Hz; during slow wave sleep , this firing rate ...
The histamine receptors are a class of G protein–coupled receptors which bind histamine as their primary endogenous ligand. [1] [2] Histamine receptors are proteins that bind with histamine, a neurotransmitter involved in various physiological processes. There are four main types: H1, H2, H3, and H4.
Histidine decarboxylase is the primary biological source of histamine. Histamine is an important biogenic amine that moderates numerous physiologic processes. There are four different histamine receptors, H 1, H 2, H 3, and H 4, [16] each of which carries a different biological significance.
Enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL cells) are a population of cells that are found in the gastric glands of the stomach luminal epithelium and secrete histamine. In response to gastrin released by neighbouring G-cells, secreted histamine from ECL cells acts on parietal cells to stimulate the release of gastric acid.
A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte [1]) is a resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.Specifically, it is a type of granulocyte derived from the myeloid stem cell that is a part of the immune and neuroimmune systems.
An H 3-antihistamine is a classification of drugs used to inhibit the action of histamine at the H 3 receptor. H 3 receptors are primarily found in the brain and are inhibitory autoreceptors located on histaminergic nerve terminals, which modulate the release of histamine.