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Most just-in-time compilers, such as the Javascript V8 engine, ... Example of an internal compiler error: somefile.c:1001: internal compiler error: Segmentation fault ...
For example, compile-time requirements are programming language requirements that must be met by source code before compilation and compile-time properties are properties of the program that can be reasoned about during compilation. The actual length of time it takes to compile a program is usually referred to as compilation time.
In the context of static (compile-time) type systems, type safety usually involves (among other things) a guarantee that the eventual value of any expression will be a legitimate member of that expression's static type. The precise requirement is more subtle than this — see, for example, subtyping and polymorphism for complications.
Here is an example of ANSI C code that will generally cause a segmentation fault on platforms with memory protection. It attempts to modify a string literal, which is undefined behavior according to the ANSI C standard. Most compilers will not catch this at compile time, and instead compile this to executable code that will crash:
The use of enum tells the compiler that the initializer for the variables must be computed at compile time. Note that the arguments to the function must be able to be resolved at compile time as well. [4] CTFE can be used to populate data structures at compile-time in a simple way (D version 2):
A straightforward example is shown below: { char * dp = NULL ; /* ... */ { char c ; dp = & c ; } /* c falls out of scope */ /* dp is now a dangling pointer */ } If the operating system is able to detect run-time references to null pointers , a solution to the above is to assign 0 (null) to dp immediately before the inner block is exited.
Generics are checked at compile-time for type-correctness. [7] The generic type information is then removed in a process called type erasure. [6] For example, List<Integer> will be converted to the non-generic type List, which ordinarily contains arbitrary objects. The compile-time check guarantees that the resulting code uses the correct type. [7]
For example, both C++ and C# allow programs to define operators to convert a value from one type to another with well-defined semantics. When a C++ compiler encounters such a conversion, it treats the operation just like a function call. In contrast, converting a value to the C type void* is an unsafe operation that is invisible to the compiler.