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The neutral axis is an axis in the cross section of a beam (a member resisting bending) ... This theory (also known as the thrust line method) ...
Schematic of cross-section of a bent beam showing the neutral axis. Prevailing consensus is that Galileo Galilei made the first attempts at developing a theory of beams, but recent studies argue that Leonardo da Vinci was the first to make the crucial observations.
Elementary Elastic Bending theory requires that the bending stress varies linearly with distance from the neutral axis, but plastic bending shows a more accurate and complex stress distribution. The yielded areas of the cross-section will vary somewhere between the yield and ultimate strength of the material.
The kinematic assumptions of the Timoshenko theory are: normals to the axis of the beam remain straight after deformation; there is no change in beam thickness after deformation; However, normals to the axis are not required to remain perpendicular to the axis after deformation.
where I is the moment of inertia of the beam cross-section and c is the distance of the top of the beam from the neutral axis (see beam theory for more details). For a beam of cross-sectional area a and height h , the ideal cross-section would have half the area at a distance h / 2 above the cross-section and the other half at a ...
In the beam equation, the variable I represents the second moment of area or moment of inertia: it is the sum, along the axis, of dA·r 2, where r is the distance from the neutral axis and dA is a small patch of area. It measures not only the total area of the beam section, but the square of each patch's distance from the axis.
Strength depends upon material properties. The strength of a material depends on its capacity to withstand axial stress, shear stress, bending, and torsion.The strength of a material is measured in force per unit area (newtons per square millimetre or N/mm², or the equivalent megapascals or MPa in the SI system and often pounds per square inch psi in the United States Customary Units system).
The geometrical neutral axis (GNA) is the axis that bisects the angle between the centre line of adjacent poles. The magnetic neutral axis (MNA) is the axis drawn perpendicular to the mean direction of the flux passing through the centre of the armature. No e.m.f. is produced in the armature conductors along this axis because then they cut no flux.