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A microtiter plate after an MTT assay. Increasing amounts of cells resulted in increased purple colouring. The MTT assay is a colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity. [1] [2] NAD(P)H-dependent cellular oxidoreductase enzymes may, under defined conditions, reflect the number of viable cells present.
Cytotoxicity can also be monitored using 3-(4, 5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide or with 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT), which yields a water-soluble product, or the MTS assay. This assay measures the reducing potential of the cell using a colorimetric reaction.
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is an effector function of IgG and IgM antibodies.When they are bound to surface antigen on target cell (e.g. bacterial or viral infected cell), the classical complement pathway is triggered by bonding protein C1q to these antibodies, resulting in formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC) and target cell lysis.
Cytotoxicity can be quantified by measuring the amount of label in solution compared to the amount of label that remains within healthy, intact cells. The classical method of detecting this is the chromium-51 [51 Cr] release assay; the sulfur-35 [35 S] release assay is a little used radioisotope-based alternative. Target cell lysis is ...
A cell culture assay is any method used to assess the cytotoxicity of a material. [1] [2] This refers to the in vitro assessment of a material to determine whether it releases toxic chemicals in the cell. It also determines if the quantity is sufficient to kill cells, either directly or indirectly, through the inhibition of cell metabolic pathways.
Resazurin based assays show excellent correlation to reference viability assays such as formazan-based assays (MTT/XTT) and tritiated thymidine based techniques. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] The low toxicity makes it suitable for longer studies, and it has been applied for animal cells, bacteria, and fungi [ 10 ] for cell culture assays such as cell counting ...
An assay (analysis) is never an isolated process, as it must be accompanied with pre- and post-analytic procedures. Both the communication order (the request to perform an assay plus related information) and the handling of the specimen itself (the collecting, documenting, transporting, and processing done before beginning the assay) are pre-analytic steps.
A protocol for the MAT test, using cultured cells, is described in the European Pharmacopoeia. [16] A recent study employing genetically engineered monocytes was able to significantly enhance the sensitivity of monocyte-based detection assays by bringing down the assay-completion time from more than 20 hours to 2–3 hours. [17]