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The destruction of unfit or recalled banknotes is a responsibility of the central bank. In general, the destruction is performed by a shredder. The machine cross-cuts the banknotes to particles (shreds) with an area of less than 25 mm 2. This work process is executed under very high security provisions to preclude manipulation of authenticity ...
Carlson, Mark. "Causes of bank suspensions in the panic of 1893." Explorations in Economic History 42.1 (2005): 56–80. online; Wicker, Elmus. The banking panics of the Great Depression (2000). ISBN 978-0-521-66346-5. Wicker, Elmus. Banking panics of the gilded age (2006). Wicker, Elmus. "A Reconsideration of the Causes of the Banking Panic of ...
A series of bank failures from agricultural areas during this time period sparked panic among depositors which led to widespread bank runs across the country. [1] The increase in the amount of hard cash held in lieu of deposits lowered the money multiplier effect which lowered the money supply and spending, dragging economic growth for the ...
1913 – The Federal Reserve Act created the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States, and granted it the legal authority to issue legal tender. 1930–33 – In the wake of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, 9,000 banks close, wiping out one third of the money supply in the United States. [219]
The Chicago Plan was a comprehensive plan to reform the monetary and banking systems in the United States introduced by University of Chicago economists in 1933. The Great Depression had been caused in part by excessive private bank lending, so the plan proposed to eliminate private bank money creation through fractional reserve lending.
Rothbard, Murray N., History of Money and Banking in the United States.Full text (510 pages) in pdf format, A libertarian interpretation; Schweikart, Larry, ed. Banking and Finance to 1913 (1990), an encyclopedia with short articles by experts Schweikart, Larry, ed. Banking and Finance, 1913-1989 (1990), an encyclopedia with short articles by ...
Money burning or burning money is the purposeful act of destroying money. In the prototypical example, banknotes are destroyed by setting them on fire . Burning money decreases the wealth of the owner without directly enriching any particular party.
The real value of a bank bill was often lower than its face value, and the issuing bank's financial strength generally determined the size of the discount. By 1797 there were 24 chartered banks in the U.S.; with the beginning of the free banking era (1837) there were 712. Privately issued note, 1863