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Patterson-Black, Sheryll. "Women homesteaders on the Great Plains frontier." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies (1976): 67–88. in JSTOR; Richardson, Heather Cox. The Greatest Nation of the Earth: Republican Economic Policies during the Civil War. (1997). Robbins, Roy M. Our Landed Heritage: The Public Domain, 1776–1936. (1942)online
The Great Plains project has shed light on the pattern of colonisation followed by black homesteaders. First of all, like white homesteaders, they were generally poor or vey poor and viewed the offer of free land as a way to get ahead, even it meant living in harsh climates with rudimentary housing and clearing land in difficult conditions. [5]
James Smith (November 26, 1737 – April 11, 1813 [1]) was a frontiersman, farmer and soldier in British North America. In 1765, he led the " Black Boys ", a group of Pennsylvania men, in a nine-month rebellion against British rule ten years before the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War .
African Americans in the United States have a unique history of homesteading, in part due to historical discrimination and legacies of enslavement. Black American communities were negatively impacted by the Homestead Act's implementation, which was designed to give land to those who had been enslaved and other underprivileged groups.
In 1969 James Forman began a very long campaign dubbed the 'Black Manifesto', which called for reparations to be paid to black Americans as well as a land bank in the south meant to offer financial assistance for those experiencing land loss. This call was later followed up by the 1973 'Only Six Million Acres' campaign led by Bob Browne.
The Timber Culture Act was a follow-up act to the Homestead Act.The Timber Culture Act was passed by Congress in 1873. The act allowed homesteaders to get another 160 acres (65 ha) of land if they planted trees on one-fourth of the land, because the land was "almost one entire plain of grass, which is and ever must be useless to cultivating man."
Goodrich, Thomas War to the Knife: Bleeding Kansas, 1854–1861 (1998). Ham, George E. and Robin Higham, eds. The Rise of the Wheat State: A History of Kansas Agriculture, 1861- 1986 (1987) 16 topical essays by experts. online; Ise, John. Sod and Stubble: The Story of a Kansas Homestead (U of Nebraska Press, 1972) La Forte, Robert Sherman.
Some homesteaders retaliated by cutting the barbed wire of the fenced areas to give their livestock access to these lands, prompting the fence-cutting wars. Fence cutters were usually small-scale stockmen or farmers who used the free range and resented its appropriation, but also resented the fact that their stock could get tangled in the ...