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Diethylcarbamazine is a medication used in the treatment of filariasis including lymphatic filariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and loiasis. [1] It may also be used for prevention of loiasis in those at high risk. [1] While it has been used for onchocerciasis (river blindness), ivermectin is preferred. [2] It is taken by mouth. [3]
It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus. [5] Tropicamide is in the antimuscarinic part of the anticholinergic family of medications. [3] It works by making the muscles within the eye unable to respond to nerve signals. [3] Tropicamide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1960. [3]
Congenital blindness is sometimes used interchangeably with "Childhood Blindness." However, current literature has various definitions of both terms. Childhood blindness encompasses multiple diseases and conditions present in ages up to 16 years old, which can result in permanent blindness or severe visual impairment over time. [ 2 ]
Ethosuximide, sold under the brand name Zarontin among others, is a medication used to treat absence seizures. [4] It may be used by itself or with other antiseizure medications such as valproic acid. [4] Ethosuximide is taken by mouth. [4] Ethosuximide is usually well tolerated. [5]
Voretigene neparvovec, sold under the brand name Luxturna, is a gene therapy medication for the treatment of Leber congenital amaurosis. [4] Leber's congenital amaurosis, or biallelic RPE65-mediated inherited retinal disease, is an inherited disorder causing progressive blindness. Voretigene is the first treatment available for this condition. [7]
Women should speak to their doctor or healthcare professional before starting or stopping any medications while pregnant. [1] Drugs taken in pregnancy including over-the counter-medications, prescription medications, nutritional supplements, recreational drugs, and illicit drugs may cause harm to the mother or the unborn child.
Suramin is a medication used to treat African sleeping sickness and river blindness. [1] [2] It is the treatment of choice for sleeping sickness without central nervous system involvement. [3] It is given by injection into a vein. [4] Suramin causes a fair number of side effects. [4]
Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) can be inherited in an X-linked, autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive pattern, depending on the genes involved. Two forms of CSNB can also affect horses, one linked to the leopard complex of equine coat colors and the other found in certain horse breeds. Both are autosomal recessives. [6] [7]