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Of all prehispanic Mesoamerican cultures, the best-known is the Mexica of the city-state of Tenochtitlan, also known as the Aztecs. The Aztec Empire dominated central Mexico for close to a century before the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire (1519–1521). The Mexica people came from the north or the west of Mesoamerica.
In later periods, much of the Andean region was conquered by the indigenous Incas, who in 1438 founded the largest empire that the Americas had ever seen, named Tahuantinsuyu, but usually called the Inca Empire. [6] The Inca governed their empire from the capital city of Cuzco, administering it along traditional Andean lines. The Inca Empire ...
The Incas were most notable for establishing the Inca Empire which was centered in modern-day South America in Peru and Chile. [1] It was about 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) from the northern to southern tip. [2] The Inca Empire lasted from 1438 to 1533. It was the largest Empire in America throughout the Pre-Columbian era. [1]
Collapse of many of the great nations and cities of the Classic Era. Formation of new kingdoms and empires. (Aztec, Toltec, Purépecha, Mixtec, Totonac, Pipil, Itzá, Kowoj, K'iche', Kaqchikel, Poqomam, Mam) Early Postclassic Tula, Mitla, Tulum, Topoxte, Chichen Itza: 900–1200 CE Late Postclassic
Most of the cultures of the Late Horizon and some of the cultures of the Late Intermediate joined the Inca Empire by 1493, but the period ends in 1532 because that marks the fall of the Inca Empire after the Spanish conquest. Most of the cut-off years mark either an end of a severe drought or the beginning of one.
Cities of the Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas were as large and organized as the largest in the Old World, with an estimated population of 200,000 to 350,000 in Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire. The market established in the city was said to have been the largest ever seen by the conquistadors when they arrived.
The Inca referred to their empire as Tawantinsuyu, [13] "the suyu of four [parts]". In Quechua, tawa is four and -ntin is a suffix naming a group, so that a tawantin is a quartet, a group of four things taken together, in this case the four suyu ("regions" or "provinces") whose corners met at the capital.
Like many of the peoples around them, the Mexica spoke Nahuatl which, with the expansion of the Aztec Empire, became the lingua franca in other areas. [32] The form of Nahuatl used in the 16th century, when it began to be written in the Latin alphabet introduced by the Spaniards , became known as Classical Nahuatl .