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Lewis's trilemma is an apologetic argument traditionally used to argue for the divinity of Jesus by postulating that the only alternatives were that he was evil or mad. [1] One version was popularized by University of Oxford literary scholar and writer C. S. Lewis in a BBC radio talk and in his writings. It is sometimes described as the ...
The evidential problem of evil (also referred to as the probabilistic or inductive version of the problem) seeks to show that the existence of evil, although logically consistent with the existence of God, counts against or lowers the probability of the truth of theism. Both absolute versions and relative versions of the evidential problems of ...
This very old argument from the existence of suffering against the existence of an intelligent first cause seems to me a strong one". [ 55 ] [ 56 ] The second version of the problem of evil applied to animals, and avoidable suffering experienced by them, is one caused by some human beings, such as from animal cruelty or when they are shot or ...
Book XI: the origins of the two cities from the separation of the good and bad angels, and a detailed analysis of Genesis 1. Book XII: answers to why some angels are good and others bad, and a close examination of the creation of man. Book XIII: teaching that death originated as a penalty for Adam's sin, the fall of man.
Augustine's Acts or Disputation Against Fortunatus the Manichaean, which partly touches on the problem of evil, records a public debate between Augustine and the Manichaean teacher Fortunatus. Fortunatus criticised Augustine's theodicy by proposing that if God gave free will to the human soul, then he must be implicated in human sin (a problem ...
The argument from reason is a transcendental argument against metaphysical naturalism and for the existence of God (or at least a supernatural being that is the source of human reason). The best-known defender of the argument is C. S. Lewis. Lewis first defended the argument at length in his 1947 book, Miracles: A Preliminary Study.
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4.2 Arguments against. 4.2.1 Arguments ... Apologetics is the whole of the consensus of the views of those who defend a position in an argument ... Devil; Sustainer ...