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Smoking during pregnancy is dangerous to the unborn baby and may cause pre-term birth, birth defects such as cleft lip or cleft palate, or miscarriage. [93] [80] Tobacco is the most commonly used substance among pregnant women, at 25%. [87] [94] Nicotine crosses the placenta and accumulates within fetal tissues.
Micrograph of products of conception. Chorionic villi (right of image) and cartilage, i.e. fetal parts (left of image). H&E stain.. Products of conception, abbreviated POC, is a medical term used for the tissue derived from the union of an egg and a sperm.
Chorionic bump is a rare medical condition defined as an irregular, convex bulge or protrusion from the choriodecidual surface into the gestational sac. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is medically defined as a separate entity from a chorionic hematoma .
Most women develop nausea and vomiting during the first trimester. [43] The cause of hyperemesis gravidarum is not known. However, it is believed to be caused by a rapidly rising blood level of a hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), which is released by the placenta. Preeclampsia is a condition that causes high blood pressure during ...
Maternal death or maternal mortality is defined in slightly different ways by several different health organizations. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines maternal death as the death of a pregnant mother due to complications related to pregnancy, underlying conditions worsened by the pregnancy or management of these conditions.
During pregnancy, the enlarged abdomen and gravid uterus place additional strain on lumbar muscles and shift the pregnant woman's center of gravity. These postural compensations culminate in an increased load on both lumbar spinal musculature and the sacroiliac ligaments, manifesting as low back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain. [ 12 ]
The presence of subchorionic bleeding around the gestational sac does not have a significant association with miscarriage overall. [8] [9] However, the case of intrauterine hematoma observed before 9 weeks of gestational age has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. [10]
Vitexin is an apigenin flavone glucoside, a chemical compound found in the passion flower, Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree or chasteberry), in the Phyllostachys nigra bamboo leaves, [1] in the pearl millet (Pennisetum millet), [2] and in Hawthorn. [3]