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SHA-256: ×8 = 256: ×8 = 256: 16 × 4 = 64: SHA-224: ×7 = 224: SHA-512: 64 ×8 = 512: ×8 = 512: ×16 = 1024: 128 16 × 5 = 80: SHA-384: ×6 = 384: Tiger-192: 64 ×3 = 192: ×3 = 192: ×8 = 512: 64 8 × 3 = 24: A B L S Not Specified Tiger-160: ×2.5=160 Tiger-128: ×2 = 128: Function Word Digest Chaining values Computation values Block Length ...
SHA-2 basically consists of two hash algorithms: SHA-256 and SHA-512. SHA-224 is a variant of SHA-256 with different starting values and truncated output. SHA-384 and the lesser-known SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are all variants of SHA-512. SHA-512 is more secure than SHA-256 and is commonly faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit machines such as AMD64.
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [3] [4] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
SHA-0: A retronym applied to the original version of the 160-bit hash function published in 1993 under the name "SHA". It was withdrawn shortly after publication due to an undisclosed "significant flaw" and replaced by the slightly revised version SHA-1.
BLAKE was submitted to the NIST hash function competition by Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Luca Henzen, Willi Meier, and Raphael C.-W. Phan. In 2008, there were 51 entries. BLAKE made it to the final round consisting of five candidates but lost to Keccak in 2012, which was selected for the SHA-3 algorithm.
As of October 2012, CNSSP-15 [4] stated that the 256-bit elliptic curve (specified in FIPS 186-2), SHA-256, and AES with 128-bit keys are sufficient for protecting classified information up to the Secret level, while the 384-bit elliptic curve (specified in FIPS 186-2), SHA-384, and AES with 256-bit keys are necessary for the protection of Top ...
[1] [2] [3] Truncated versions of SHA-2, including SHA-384 and SHA-512/256 are not susceptible, [4] nor is the SHA-3 algorithm. [5] HMAC also uses a different construction and so is not vulnerable to length extension attacks. [6] Lastly, just performing Hash(message ‖ secret) is enough to not be affected.
The Merkle–Damgård construction was described in Ralph Merkle's Ph.D. thesis in 1979. [2] Ralph Merkle and Ivan Damgård independently proved that the structure is sound: that is, if an appropriate padding scheme is used and the compression function is collision-resistant, then the hash function will also be collision-resistant. [3] [4]