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There are many domestic factors affecting the U.S. labor force and employment levels. These include: economic growth; cyclical and structural factors; demographics; education and training; innovation; labor unions; and industry consolidation [2] In addition to macroeconomic and individual firm-related factors, there are individual-related factors that influence the risk of unemployment.
With cyclical unemployment, the number of unemployed workers exceeds the number of job vacancies and so even if all open jobs were filled, some workers would still remain unemployed. Some associate cyclical unemployment with frictional unemployment because the factors that cause the friction are partially caused by cyclical variables.
These may be characterized as cyclical (related to the business cycle) or structural (related to underlying economic characteristics) and include, among others: Economic conditions: The U.S. faced the subprime mortgage crisis and resulting recession of 2007–2009, which significantly increased the unemployment rate to a peak of 10% in October ...
A jump in the unemployment rate to 4.3% in July from 3.7% at the start of the year saw the U.S. central bank kicking off its policy easing cycle with an unusually large half-percentage-point ...
As my colleague Douglas McIntyre described in "Unemployment problems are worse than meet the eye," unemployment in this recession is different -- what many are calling structural unemployment ...
Beveridge curve of vacancy rate and unemployment rate data from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. A Beveridge curve, or UV curve, is a graphical representation of the relationship between unemployment and the job vacancy rate, the number of unfilled jobs expressed as a proportion of the labour force.
Unemployment has a short-run cyclical component which depends on the business cycle, and a more permanent structural component, which can be loosely thought of as the average unemployment rate in an economy over extended periods, [6] and which is often termed the natural [6] or structural [7] [5]: 167 rate of unemployment. Cyclical unemployment ...
Okun's law is an empirical relationship. In Okun's original statement of his law, a 2% increase in output corresponds to a 1% decline in the rate of cyclical unemployment; a 0.5% increase in labor force participation; a 0.5% increase in hours worked per employee; and a 1% increase in output per hours worked (labor productivity).