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In library and information science, a thesaurus is a kind of controlled vocabulary. A thesaurus can form part of an ontology and be represented in the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS). [41] Thesauri are used in natural language processing for word-sense disambiguation [42] and text simplification for machine translation systems. [43]
The Moby Thesaurus II contains 30,260 root words, with 2,520,264 synonyms and related terms – an average of 83.3 per root word. Each line consists of a list of comma-separated values, with the first term being the root word, and all following words being related terms. Grady Ward placed this thesaurus in the public domain in 1996.
TITUS (German "Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien" - thesaurus of Indo-European texts and languages) is a project of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main, maintained by Professor Dr. Jost Gippert, it aimed to collect information about Indo-European languages, and to improve collaboration between scholars.
Synonyms often express a nuance of meaning or are used in different registers of speech or writing. Various technical domains may employ synonyms to convey precise technical nuances. Some writers avoid repeating the same word in close proximity, and prefer to use synonyms: this is called elegant variation. Many modern style guides criticize this.
The synonyms are grouped into synsets with short definitions and usage examples. It can thus be seen as a combination and extension of a dictionary and thesaurus. While it is accessible to human users via a web browser, [2] its primary use is in automatic text analysis and artificial intelligence applications.
A free text search would automatically pick up that article regardless. On the other hand, free text searches have high exhaustivity (every word is searched) so although it has much lower precision, it has potential for high recall as long as the searcher overcome the problem of synonyms by entering every combination.
Roget's Thesaurus is composed of six primary classes. [5] Each class is composed of multiple divisions and then sections. This may be conceptualized as a tree containing over a thousand branches for individual "meaning clusters" or semantically linked words.
ISO 25964 is the international standard for thesauri, published in two parts as follows: . ISO 25964 Information and documentation - Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies Part 1: Thesauri for information retrieval [published August 2011] Part 2: Interoperability with other vocabularies [published March 2013]