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Contract law regulates the obligations established by agreement, whether express or implied, between private parties in the United States. The law of contracts varies from state to state; there is nationwide federal contract law in certain areas, such as contracts entered into pursuant to Federal Reclamation Law.
Part 4 – The Terms of Contract Chapter 12 – Express Terms, Chapter 13 – Implied Terms, Chapter 14 – Exemption Clauses, Chapter 15 – Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts; Part 5 – Illegality and Public Policy: Chapter 16 – Illegality and Public Policy; Part 6 – Joint Obligations, Third Parties, and Assignment
Under the common law, a contract clause prohibiting assignment also prohibits delegation. Another common law rule requires that a party to a contract can not delegate performance that involves special skills or reputation (although it is possible to have a novation under such circumstances).
In addition, section 48 of the Insurance Contracts Act 1984 (Cth) allows third-party beneficiaries to enforce contracts of insurance. Although damages are the usual remedy for the breach of a contract for the benefit of a third party, if damages are inadequate, specific performance may be granted (Beswick v. Beswick [1968] AC 59).
The CISG facilitates international trade by removing legal barriers among state parties (known as "Contracting States") and providing uniform rules that govern most aspects of a commercial transaction, such as contract formation, the means of delivery, parties' obligations, and remedies for breach of contract. [3]
Another problem of reforming the bankruptcy code to include states is the Contract Clause of the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits state governments from ‘impairing the obligation of contracts.’ [5] As originally understood, this clause prohibited state legislatures from passing any laws to relieve either private debt or the state ...
An assignment does not necessarily have to be made in writing; however, the assignment agreement must show an intent to transfer rights. The effect of a valid assignment is to extinguish privity (in other words, contractual relationship, including right to sue) between the assignor and the third-party obligor and create privity between the obligor and the assignee. [1]
A third-party beneficiary, in the law of contracts, is a person who may have the right to sue on a contract, despite not having originally been an active party to the contract. This right, known as a ius quaesitum tertio , [ 1 ] arises when the third party ( tertius or alteri ) is the intended beneficiary of the contract, as opposed to a mere ...