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A plant defense is a trait that increases plant fitness when faced with herbivory. This is measured relative to another plant that lacks the defensive trait. Plant defenses increase survival and/or reproduction (fitness) of plants under pressure of predation from herbivores. Defense can be divided into two main categories, tolerance and resistance.
The pigment in plant leaves, chlorophyll, strongly absorbs visible light (from 400 to 700 nm) for use in photosynthesis. The cell structure of the leaves, on the other hand, strongly reflects near-infrared light (from 700 to 1100 nm). The more leaves a plant has, the more these wavelengths of light are affected.
The five outcome targets are: ending hunger and improving access to food; ending all forms of malnutrition; agricultural productivity; sustainable food production systems and resilient agricultural practices; and genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals; investments, research and technology.
Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several species of bees, the best-known of which are honey bees. [1] [2] Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies.Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of plants (primarily floral nectar) or the secretions of other insects, like the honeydew of aphids.
This helps disperse the seeds of these fruit trees, which may take root and grow where the bats have left them, and many species of plants depend on bats for seed dispersal. [ 161 ] [ 162 ] The Jamaican fruit bat ( Artibeus jamaicensis ) has been recorded carrying fruits weighing 3–14 g ( 1 ⁄ 8 – 1 ⁄ 2 oz) or even as much as 50 g ( 1 ...
Radiation hotspot in Kashiwa, February 2012 [66] Map of contaminated areas around the plant (22 March – 3 April 2011) [67] In response to the station blackout during the initial hours of the accident and the ongoing uncertainty regarding the cooling status of units 1 and 2, a 2 km radius evacuation of 1,900 residents was ordered at 20:50. [ 68 ]
The Malaria Atlas Project aims to map global levels of malaria, providing a way to determine the global spatial limits of the disease and to assess disease burden. [224] [225] This effort led to the publication of a map of P. falciparum endemicity in 2010 and an update in 2019. [226] [227] [228] As of 2021, 84 countries have endemic malaria. [18]
Republic of Albania Republika e Shqipërisë (Albanian) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Ti Shqipëri, më jep nder, më jep emrin Shqipëtar "You Albania, give me honour, you give me the name Albanian" Anthem: "Himni i Flamurit" "Hymn to the Flag" Location of Albania (green) Capital and largest city Tirana 41°19′N 19°49′E / 41.317°N 19.817°E / 41.317; 19.817 Official languages ...