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  2. Bacterial initiation factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_initiation_factor

    A bacterial initiation factor (IF) is a protein that stabilizes the initiation complex for polypeptide translation. Translation initiation is essential to protein synthesis and regulates mRNA translation fidelity and efficiency in bacteria. [1] The 30S ribosomal subunit, initiator tRNA, and mRNA form an initiation complex for elongation. [2]

  3. Elongation factor P - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elongation_factor_P

    In eubacteria, there are three groups of factors that promote protein synthesis: initiation factors, elongation factors and termination factors. [7] The elongation phase of translation is promoted by three universal elongation factors, EF-Tu, EF-Ts, and EF-G. [9] EF-P was discovered in 1975 by Glick and Ganoza, [10] as a factor that increased the yield of peptide bond formation between ...

  4. Bacterial translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_translation

    The SD sequence also does not appear strictly necessary, as a wide range of mRNAs lack them and are still translated, with an entire phylum of bacteria (Bacteroidetes) using no such sequence. Simply SD followed by AUG is also not sufficient to initiate translation. It does, at least, function as a very important initiating signal in E. coli. [1]

  5. Ribosome-binding site - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome-binding_site

    Prokaryotic ribosomes begin translation of the mRNA transcript while DNA is still being transcribed. Thus translation and transcription are parallel processes. Bacterial mRNA are usually polycistronic and contain multiple ribosome binding sites. Translation initiation is the most highly regulated step of protein synthesis in prokaryotes. [5]

  6. Translation (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_(biology)

    Overview of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) translation Translation of mRNA and ribosomal protein synthesis Initiation and elongation stages of translation involving RNA nucleobases, the ribosome, transfer RNA, and amino acids The three phases of translation: (1) in initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the RNA strand and the initiator tRNA–amino acid complex binds to the start ...

  7. Protein biosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis

    Protein synthesis is a very similar process for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but there are some distinct differences. [1] Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases: transcription and translation. During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA).

  8. Transfer-messenger RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer-messenger_RNA

    Transfer-messenger RNA (abbreviated tmRNA, also known as 10Sa RNA and by its genetic name SsrA) is a bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like properties. The tmRNA forms a ribonucleoprotein complex ( tmRNP ) together with Small Protein B ( SmpB ), Elongation Factor Tu ( EF-Tu ), and ribosomal protein S1.

  9. Bacterial transcription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_transcription

    Bacterial transcription is the process in which a segment of bacterial DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) with use of the enzyme RNA polymerase. The process occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination; and the result is a strand of mRNA that is complementary to a single strand of DNA.