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Situs inversus is generally an autosomal recessive genetic condition, although it can be X-linked or found in identical "mirror image" twins. [4] About 25% of individuals with situs inversus have an underlying condition known as primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). PCD is a dysfunction of the cilia that occurs during early embryonic development.
Dextrocardia situs ambiguus presents a surgical challenge not per se due to associated cardiac malformation, but because achieving adequate exposure is difficult. Right sided structures such as right atrium, right ventricle and tricuspid valve are oriented posteriorly in dextrocardia situs ambiguus (in contrast to dextrocardia with situs inversus).
Isolated levocardia (also known as situs inversus with levocardia) is a rare type of organs' situs inversus in which the heart is still in normal position but other abdominal viscera are transposed. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Isolated levocardia may occur with heart defects and patients without having operations have low life expectancy: only about 5% to 13% ...
Situs ambiguus (from Latin 'ambiguous site'), or heterotaxy, is a rare congenital defect in which the major visceral organs are distributed abnormally within the chest and abdomen. Clinically, heterotaxy spectrum generally refers to any defect of left-right asymmetry and arrangement of the visceral organs; however, classical heterotaxy requires ...
This can exist in isolation or as a part of situs inversus in which the entire body is mirrored not just the heart. Situs inversus can be a part of primary ciliary dyskinesia (aka Kartagener syndrome) that has recurrent respiratory infections and male infertility. A simple chest xray is sufficient to diagnose dextrocardia, provided care is ...
Neither levocardia nor dextrocardia are indicative of the orientation of the visceral organs, which can be in situs solitus, where the remainder of the organs are on normal side as well; or situs inversus, in which the viscera (stomach, liver, intestines, lungs, etc.) are on the opposite side as normal. The latter condition may or may not be ...
Oppositus (situs inversus or situs transversus) is a condition in humans and animals in which an individual's internal organs are reversed left to right (or "mirrored") from their usual locations. Oppositus is also used in the names of many species, including: Charniodiscus oppositus, an extinct primitive marine animal.
Situs solitus (from Latin 'usual site') is the medical term referring to the normal position of thoracic and abdominal organs. Anatomically , this means that the heart is on the left with the pulmonary atrium on the right and the systemic atrium on the left along with the cardiac apex.