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Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer; it develops from the melanin-producing cells known as melanocytes. [1] It typically occurs in the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye (uveal melanoma). [1] [2] In women, melanomas most commonly occur on the legs; while in men, on the back. [2]
Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in humans. [11] [12] [13] There are three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) and melanoma. [1] The first two, along with a number of less common skin cancers, are known as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).
However, a melanocytic nevus is benign, and melanoma is malignant. Most melanocytic nevi never evolve into a cancer, with the lifetime risk for an individual nevus being 1 in 3000 for men and 1 in 11 000 for women. [5] Moreover, dermatologists have a standardized system for determining whether a skin lesion is suspicious for malignant melanoma.
Skin Cancer: Recognition and Management is a clinical reference by Robert A. Schwartz covering skin and accessible mucosal disorders, premalignant and malignant cutaneous disorders, including melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma and other sarcomas, cutaneous lymphoma, cutaneous metastatic disease and cutaneous markers of internal malignancy.
Conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer Condition Squamous-cell carcinoma Basal-cell carcinoma; Xeroderma pigmentosum + + Oculocutaneous albinism + + Epidermodysplasia verruciformis + Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa + Ferguson–Smith syndrome + Muir–Torre ...
Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma is the second-most common cancer of the skin (after basal-cell carcinoma, but more common than melanoma). It usually occurs in areas exposed to the sun. Sunlight exposure and immunosuppression are risk factors for SCC of the skin, with chronic sun exposure being the strongest environmental risk factor. [26]
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a type of skin cancer. [6] It typically begins as a uniform brownish mark before becoming darker and wider with a blurred, irregular border. ALM is most frequently seen on the foot of a person with darker skin but can also be found in non-sun exposed areas such as the palms, soles, and under finger and ...
Genetics also play a role [7] [8] and is responsible for melanoma occurring in skin areas with little sun exposure (i.e. mouth, feet soles, palms, and genital areas). [9] A weakened immune system aids in cancer development due to a lack of ability to fight cancer cells. Having more than 50 moles is also an indication of an increased risk of ...