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Electrical cell fusion is an essential step in some of the most innovative methods in modern biology. This method begins when two cells are brought into contact by dielectrophoresis . Dielectrophoresis uses a high frequency alternating current, unlike electrophoresis in which a direct current is applied.
This glossary of cellular and molecular biology is a list of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in the study of cell biology, molecular biology, and related disciplines, including molecular genetics, biochemistry, and microbiology. [1] It is split across two articles:
Heterokaryon in fungal mitosis. A heterokaryon is a multinucleate cell that contains genetically different nuclei. Heterokaryotic and heterokaryosis are derived terms. This is a special type of syncytium.
They are typically found to have 5 nuclei per cell, due to the fusion of preosteoclasts. The chlorarachniophytes form multinucleate cells by fusion, being syncytia and not coenocytes. This syncytia is called plasmodium , in the sense of a multinucleate protoplast without a cell wall which exhibits amoeboid movement . [ 14 ]
Cell–cell fusogens are proteins that promote plasma membrane fusion among different cells. To be considered a fusogen, it must be required for fusion, fuse unfamiliar membranes, and be present on the fusing membrane when need be. These cells include but are not limited too: gametes, trophoblasts, epithelial, and other developmental cells.
Cell fusion is the formation of a hybrid cell from two separate cells. [1] [2] There are three major actions taken in both virus–cell fusion and cell–cell fusion: the dehydration of polar head groups, the promotion of a hemifusion stalk, and the opening and expansion of pores between fusing cells. [3]
A syncytium (/ s ɪ n ˈ s ɪ ʃ i ə m /; pl.: syncytia; from Greek: σύν syn "together" and κύτος kytos "box, i.e. cell") or symplasm is a multinucleate cell that can result from multiple cell fusions of uninuclear cells (i.e., cells with a single nucleus), in contrast to a coenocyte, which can result from multiple nuclear divisions without accompanying cytokinesis. [1]
Karyogamy in the context of cell fusion. 1-haploid cells, 2-cell fusion, 3-single cell with two pronuclei, 4-fusing pronuclei (karyogamy), 5-diploid cell Karyogamy is the final step in the process of fusing together two haploid eukaryotic cells, and refers specifically to the fusion of the two nuclei .