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The HP Saturn processors, used in many Hewlett-Packard calculators between 1984 and 2003 (including the HP 48 series of scientific calculators) are "4-bit" (or hybrid 64-/4-bit) machines; as the Intel 4004 did, they string multiple 4-bit words together, e.g. to form a 20-bit memory address, and most of the registers are 64 bits wide, storing 16 ...
DEC releases OpenVMS 7.0, the first full 64-bit version of OpenVMS for Alpha. First 64-bit Linux distribution for the Alpha architecture is released. [21] 1996 Support for the R4x00 processors in 64-bit mode is added by Silicon Graphics to the IRIX operating system in release 6.2. 1998 Sun releases Solaris 7, with full 64-bit UltraSPARC support ...
Windows XP x64 Edition ships with both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows Explorer. [21] The 32-bit version can become the default Windows Shell. [25] Windows XP x64 Edition also includes both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Internet Explorer 6, so that users can still use browser extensions or ActiveX controls that are not available in 64-bit ...
Many 16-bit CPUs already existed in the mid-1970s. Over the next 30 years, the shift to 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit computing allowed, respectively, 2 16 = 65,536 unique words, 2 32 = 4,294,967,296 unique words and 2 64 = 18, 446, 744, 073, 709, 551, 616 unique words, each step offering a meaningful advantage until 64 bits was reached.
To do this, the algorithm treats each integer as an ordered collection of ALU-size fragments, arranged from most-significant (MS) to least-significant (LS) or vice versa. For example, in the case of an 8-bit ALU, the 24-bit integer 0x123456 would be treated as a collection of three 8-bit fragments: 0x12 (MS), 0x34, and 0x56 (LS). Since the size ...
A 32-bit register can store 2 32 different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 32 bits depends on the integer representation used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through 4,294,967,295 (2 32 − 1) for representation as an binary number, and −2,147,483,648 (−2 31) through 2,147,483,647 (2 31 − 1) for representation as two's complement.
The shortest instructions require eight clock cycles or 2.7 μs to complete (assuming 0 external wait cycles), many others run between 10 and 14 cycles (3.3…4.7 μs); the longest-running instruction (DIV) can take up to 124 cycles (41.3 μs). [11] Like the Motorola 68000, the chip was packaged in a (then-unusual) 64-pin, 0.9″ wide DIP.
The PIIX integrated an IDE controller with two 8237 DMA controllers, the 8254 PIT, and two 8259 PICs and a PCI to ISA bus bridge. It was introduced with the 430FX Triton chipset in 1995. [1]