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[23] Joan's standard led to the prominent use of white on later French flags. [23] From the accession of the Bourbons to the throne of France, the green ensign of the navy became a plain white flag, the symbol of purity and royal authority. The merchant navy was assigned "the old flag of the nation of France", the white cross on a blue field. [24]
The French Society of Vexillology is the authority on the flying of flags in France and maintains the only official register of flags for the country. [1] It was established in 1985 and as part of the Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques operates under the authority of the Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation .
It finds its origin in a play on the word gallus (Latin for rooster) and Gallus (Gallic). Despite its frequent use as a symbol for France, in particular by sports federations, the rooster has never been an official emblem. Cocorico! (French for 'cock-a-doodle-doo') is often used as an affirmation of French patriotism.
The colours of Paris are the origin of the blue and red stripes in the flag of France, while the white stripe originally symbolised the monarchy. [1] The French flag's colours were adopted as a cockade during the early stages of the French Revolution, when the country was still in the process of becoming a constitutional monarchy.
The Oriflamme was mentioned in the 11th-century ballad the Chanson de Roland (vv. 3093–5) as a royal banner, first called Romaine and then Montjoie. [3] According to legend, Charlemagne carried it to the Holy Land in response to a prophecy regarding a knight possessing a golden lance from which flames would burn and drive out the Saracens. [4]
Since the white field was too royal for the taste of the revolution, on 27 pluviôse year II of the French Republican calendar (15 February 1794), the flag and the ensign were changed to the design of the current flag of France: three columns of equal width, of blue, white, and red. The same banner was again decreed to be the flag on 7 March 1848.
The Royal Banner of France or "Bourbon flag" symbolizing royal France, was the most commonly used flag in New France. [27] [28] The "Bourbon flag" has three gold fleur-de-lis on a dark blue field arranged two and one. [29] The fleur-de-lys was also seen on New France's currency often referred to as "card money". [30]
The Gallic rooster (French: coq gaulois, pronounced [kɔk ɡolwa] ⓘ) is a national symbol of France as a nation, as opposed to Marianne representing France as a state and its values: the Republic. [ citation needed ] The rooster is also the symbol of the Wallonia region and the French Community of Belgium .