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Cooperativity is a phenomenon displayed by systems involving identical or near-identical elements, which act dependently of each other, relative to a hypothetical standard non-interacting system in which the individual elements are acting independently.
The first description of cooperative binding to a multi-site protein was developed by A.V. Hill. [4] Drawing on observations of oxygen binding to hemoglobin and the idea that cooperativity arose from the aggregation of hemoglobin molecules, each one binding one oxygen molecule, Hill suggested a phenomenological equation that has since been named after him:
The Hill coefficient, or , may describe cooperativity (or possibly other biochemical properties, depending on the context in which the Hill equation is being used). When appropriate, [clarification needed] the value of the Hill coefficient describes the cooperativity of ligand binding in the following way:
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Electrochemical metal-ligand cooperativity in redox reactions allows for ease of tuning the potential of the ligands to avoid off-target reactivity. [14] Modes of metal ligand cooperativity where X-H and X-S are some substrates. There are a number of other ligand modes of reactivity which are sometimes classified under MLC.
The sequential model (also known as the KNF model) is a theory that describes cooperativity of protein subunits. [1] It postulates that a protein's conformation changes with each binding of a ligand, thus sequentially changing its affinity for the ligand at neighboring binding sites.
This model is supported by positive cooperativity where binding of one ligand increases the ability of the enzyme to bind to more ligands. The model is not supported by negative cooperativity where losing one ligand makes it easier for the enzyme to lose more. In the sequential model there are many different global conformational/energy states ...
In social science generally and linguistics specifically, the cooperative principle describes how people achieve effective conversational communication in common social situations—that is, how listeners and speakers act cooperatively and mutually accept one another to be understood in a particular way.