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White liquor consists mainly of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide in water and is the active component in Kraft pulping. [1] White liquor also contains minor amounts of sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium chloride, calcium carbonate and other accumulated salts and non-process elements. These additional components are ...
Sodium carbonate is obtained as three hydrates and as the anhydrous salt: sodium carbonate decahydrate , Na 2 CO 3 ·10H 2 O, which readily effloresces to form the monohydrate. sodium carbonate heptahydrate (not known in mineral form), Na 2 CO 3 ·7H 2 O. sodium carbonate monohydrate (thermonatrite), Na 2 CO 3 ·H 2 O. Also known as crystal ...
A white mixture of sucrose and sodium bicarbonate will eventually turn black and the snake will grow about 15–50 centimetres (5.9–19.7 in) long after it is lit. [4] Three chemical reactions occur when the snake is lit. Sodium bicarbonate breaks down into sodium carbonate, water vapor, and carbon dioxide: [2] 2 NaHCO 3 (s) → Na 2 CO 3 (s ...
Fétizon oxidation is the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols utilizing the compound silver(I) carbonate absorbed onto the surface of celite also known as Fétizon's reagent first employed by Marcel Fétizon in 1968. [1]
There are other reactions of carbonyl compounds similar to aldol condensation: When the base is an amine and the active hydrogen compound is sufficiently activated the reaction is called a Knoevenagel condensation. In a Perkin reaction the aldehyde is aromatic and the enolate generated from an anhydride.
The sodium sulfate is afterwards fired with calcium carbonate and coal. Sodium carbonate can be extracted from this mixture by washing the mixture with water. [2] Until the rise of the ammonia-soda process, which has better economics, the Leblanc process was used extensively making the United Kingdom the lead in alkali production. By the early ...
The main use of sodium cyanate is for steel hardening. [2] Sodium cyanate is used to produce cyanic acid, often in situ: NaOCN + HCl → HOCN + NaCl. This approach is exploited for condensation with amines to give unsymmetrical ureas: HOCN + RNH 2 → RNHC(O)NH 2. Such urea derivatives have a range of biological activity. [4]
The Leblanc process was an early industrial process for making soda ash (sodium carbonate) used throughout the 19th century, named after its inventor, Nicolas Leblanc.It involved two stages: making sodium sulfate from sodium chloride, followed by reacting the sodium sulfate with coal and calcium carbonate to make sodium carbonate.