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In metrology (the science of measurement), a standard (or etalon) is an object, system, or experiment that bears a defined relationship to a unit of measurement of a physical quantity. [1] Standards are the fundamental reference for a system of weights and measures , against which all other measuring devices are compared.
A national measurement system (NMS) is a network of laboratories, calibration facilities and accreditation bodies which implement and maintain a country's measurement infrastructure. [8] [9] The NMS sets measurement standards, ensuring the accuracy, consistency, comparability, and reliability of measurements made in the country. [57]
The formal definition of calibration by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) is the following: "Operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties (of the calibrated instrument or ...
IEC 61275 Radiation protection instrumentation – Measurement of discrete radionuclides in the environment – In situ photon spectrometry system using a germanium detector; IEC 61277 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) power generating systems – General and guide (withdrawn) IEC 61280 Fibre optic communication subsystem basic test procedures
Instrumentation is a collective term for measuring instruments, used for indicating, measuring, and recording physical quantities.It is also a field of study about the art and science about making measurement instruments, involving the related areas of metrology, automation, and control theory.
Testing and measurement techniques. Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields; EN 61000-4-7: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Testing and measurement techniques. General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements and instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment connected thereto
Established standard objects and events are used as units, and the process of measurement gives a number relating the item under study and the referenced unit of measurement. Measuring instruments, and formal test methods which define the instrument's use, are the means by which these relations of numbers are obtained.
Instrumentation engineering is the science of the measurement and control of process variables within a production or manufacturing area. [1] Meanwhile, control engineering, also called control systems engineering, is the engineering discipline that applies control theory to design systems with desired behaviors.