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The elongation and membrane targeting stages of eukaryotic translation. The ribosome is green and yellow, the tRNAs are dark-blue, and the other proteins involved are light-blue. Elongation depends on eukaryotic elongation factors. At the end of the initiation step, the mRNA is positioned so that the next codon can be translated during the ...
The ribosomal P-site plays a vital role in all phases of translation. Initiation involves recognition of the start codon (AUG) by initiator tRNA in the P-site, elongation involves passage of many elongator tRNAs through the P site, termination involves hydrolysis of the mature polypeptide from tRNA bound to the P-site, and ribosome recycling involves release of deacylated tRNA.
In the final stage of elongation, called translocation, the deacylated tRNA (in the P site) and the dipeptidyl-tRNA (in the A site) along with its corresponding codons move to the E and P sites, respectively, and a new codon moves into the A site. This process is catalyzed by elongation factor G (EF-G).
Elongation: The last tRNA validated by the small ribosomal subunit (accommodation) transfers the amino acid. It carries to the large ribosomal subunit which binds it to one of the preceding admitted tRNA (transpeptidation). The ribosome then moves to the next mRNA codon to continue the process (translocation), creating an amino acid chain.
13629 Ensembl ENSG00000167658 ENSMUSG00000034994 UniProt P13639 P58252 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001961 NM_007907 RefSeq (protein) NP_001952 NP_031933 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 3.98 – 3.99 Mb Chr 10: 81.01 – 81.02 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEF2 gene. It is the archaeal and eukaryotic ...
Due to the fact that translation elongation is an irreversible process, there are few known mechanisms of its regulation. However, it has been shown that translational efficiency is reduced via diminished tRNA pools, which are required for the elongation of polypeptides.
Elongation is the most rapid step in translation. [3] In bacteria , it proceeds at a rate of 15 to 20 amino acids added per second (about 45-60 nucleotides per second). [ citation needed ] In eukaryotes the rate is about two amino acids per second (about 6 nucleotides read per second).
EF-G catalyzes the translocation of the tRNA and mRNA down the ribosome at the end of each round of polypeptide elongation. [1] In this process, the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) has catalyzed the formation of a peptide bond between amino acids, moving the polypeptide chain from the P site tRNA to the A site tRNA. The 50S and 30S ribosomal ...