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The illusory truth effect (also known as the illusion of truth effect, validity effect, truth effect, or the reiteration effect) is the tendency to believe false information to be correct after repeated exposure. [1] This phenomenon was first identified in a 1977 study at Villanova University and Temple University.
Self-deception can be used both to act greater or lesser than one actually is. For example, one can act overconfident to attract a mate or act under-confident to avoid a threat such as a predator. If an individual is capable of concealing their true feelings and intentions well, then it is more likely to successfully deceive others.
To a lesser or greater extent, we all lie. And if you say that you don’t—somewhat ironically—you’d probably be lying. Spinning the truth is a common human behavior. However, it can lead to ...
Most lies and misinformation are spread commonly through emails and instant messaging since these messages are erased faster. [15] Without face to face communication, it could be easier to deceive others, making it difficult to detect the truth from a lie. These unreliable cues allow digital deception to easily influence and mislead others. [16]
Are you too tired to work out? Is it cold outside? Is your favorite TV show on? It's time to recognize these so-called reasons for what they are: Lame excuses and lies.
A white lie is a harmless or trivial lie, especially one told in order to be polite or to avoid hurting someone's feelings or stopping them from being upset by the truth. [ 34 ] [ 35 ] [ 36 ] A white lie also is considered a lie to be used for greater good (pro-social behavior).
Miscommunication happens easily—one spouse receives a message that the other didn’t intend to send. This can happen when there’s a discrepancy between your words and your body language.
A self-refuting idea or self-defeating idea is an idea or statement whose falsehood is a logical consequence of the act or situation of holding them to be true. Many ideas are called self-refuting by their detractors, and such accusations are therefore almost always controversial, with defenders stating that the idea is being misunderstood or that the argument is invalid.