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Functional constipation, also known as chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), is defined by less than three bowel movements per week, hard stools, severe straining, the sensation of anorectal blockage, the feeling of incomplete evacuation, and the need for manual maneuvers during feces, without organic abnormalities.
The enteric nervous system directly controls the gut motility, whereas the extrinsic nerve pathways influence gut contractility indirectly through modifying this enteric innervation. [3] In almost all cases of neurogenic bowel dysfunction it is the extrinsic nervous supply affected and the enteric nervous supply remains intact.
The underlying, original causes of ODS are typically psychological, muscular and/or neurological. [23] Such causes require complex, long term treatment. [23] Some authors have suggested that surgically correctable anatomical disorders which are detected in ODS patients may actually represent effects, rather than causes of ODS. [23]
In some cases, there can be a physiological cause (like hepatic lipidosis); in some cases, it is a mental issue (like a new puppy in the house or the death of a companion); but in many cases, the ...
Abnormal motility Studies have shown altered muscle contractility and tone, bowel compliance, and transit may contribute to many of the gastrointestinal symptoms of FGID which may include diarrhea, constipation, and vomiting. [20] Visceral hypersensitivity In FGID there is poor association of pain with GI motility in many functional GI disorders.
Extra-intestinal masses such as other malignancies can also lead to constipation from external compression. [32] Constipation also has neurological causes, including anismus, descending perineum syndrome, desmosis and Hirschsprung's disease. [7] In infants, Hirschsprung's disease is the most common medical disorder associated with constipation.
When the patient has severe, persistent signs that motility is completely disrupted, nasogastric suction and parenteral nutrition may be required until passage is restored. In such cases, continuing aggressive enteral feeding causes a risk of perforating the gut. Several options are available in the case of paralytic ileus. Most treatment is ...
"Cats right now have a 67 percent mortality rate," she noted. Forbes said that canned and kibbled food is considered safe if it has been cooked. But if the kibble is coated with raw meat, "I would ...