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Metandienone, also known as methandienone or methandrostenolone and sold under the brand name Dianabol (D-Bol) among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is mostly no longer prescribed. [4] [5] [1] [6] It is also used non-medically for physique- and performance-enhancing purposes. [1] It is often taken by mouth. [1]
D-dimer (or D dimer) is a dimer that is a fibrin degradation product (FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis.It is so named because it contains two D fragments of the fibrin protein joined by a cross-link, hence forming a protein dimer.
Clotting time is a general term for the time required for a sample of blood to form a clot, or, in medical terms, coagulate.The term "clotting time" is often used when referring to tests such as the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or PTT), activated clotting time (ACT), thrombin time (TT), or Reptilase time.
Blood clots can cause strokes or heart attacks. In fact, a 2023 study also found that erythritol is linked to an increased risk of heart attacks, heart disease and strokes.
Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot. It results in hemostasis , the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair.
It includes primary hemostasis, which is the process of how blood platelets adhere to the endothelium of an injured blood vessel. [1] [2] Platelet aggregation is fundamental to repair vascular damage and the initiation of the blood thrombus formation. The elimination of clots is also part of thromboregulation.
Fibrinolysis is a process that prevents blood clots from growing and becoming problematic. [1] Primary fibrinolysis is a normal body process, while secondary fibrinolysis is the breakdown of clots due to a medicine, a medical disorder, or some other cause. [2] In fibrinolysis, a fibrin clot, the product of coagulation, is broken down. [3]
Not all patients with diabetes go on to develop diabetic nephropathy. The main risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing diabetic nephropathy are: [2] Poor control of blood glucose; Uncontrolled high blood pressure; Type 1 diabetes mellitus, with onset before age 20; Past or current cigarette use [18]