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Rocket stages that fly through the atmosphere usually use lower performing, high molecular mass, high-density propellants due to the smaller and lighter tankage required. Upper stages, which mostly or only operate in the vacuum of space, tend to use the high energy, high performance, low density liquid hydrogen fuel.
In most rocket engines fueled by liquid hydrogen, it first cools the nozzle and other parts before being mixed with the oxidizer, usually liquid oxygen, and burned to produce water with traces of ozone and hydrogen peroxide. Practical H 2 –O 2 rocket engines run fuel-rich so that the exhaust contains some unburned hydrogen. This reduces ...
Germany had very active rocket development before and during World War II, both for the strategic V-2 rocket and other missiles. The V-2 used an alcohol/LOX liquid-propellant engine, with hydrogen peroxide to drive the fuel pumps. [7]: 9 The alcohol was mixed with water for engine cooling.
Bipropellant liquid rockets use a liquid fuel such as liquid hydrogen or RP-1, and a liquid oxidizer such as liquid oxygen. The engine may be a cryogenic rocket engine , where the fuel and oxidizer, such as hydrogen and oxygen, are gases which have been liquefied at very low temperatures.
Helmuth Walter was a German engineer an early pioneer of monopropellant rockets using hydrogen peroxide as fuel. [9] Although his initial work was on submarine propulsion the same jets of oxygen produced by for combustion in gas turbines could be directed through a nozzle to generate thrust. [9]
NASA's Nelson told NPR in May that water found on the moon could be used to create hydrogen rocket fuel which could fuel further space exploration to Mars and other destinations.
RL-10 is an early example of cryogenic rocket engine.. Rocket engines need high mass flow rates of both oxidizer and fuel to generate useful thrust. Oxygen, the simplest and most common oxidizer, is in the gas phase at standard temperature and pressure, as is hydrogen, the simplest fuel.
Cornell said the next step is to drain the New Glenn rocket of its fuel. The company began filling the vehicle’s fuel tanks with propellant — including liquid methane, hydrogen and oxygen ...